Acids and Bases
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (22)
Classify acids and bases as chemicals with distinct properties and uses:
Acids: Tastes sour Releases H+ ions Corrosive Rough texture pH below 1-6 turns litmus red turns universal indicator: red, orange, yellow keeps phenolphthalein colourless Bases: Tastes bitter Alkalies: Releases OH- ions Corrosive Soapy slippery texture pH above 8-14 turns litmus blue turns universal indicator: blue, dark green, purple turns phenolphthalein pink
State the name and formula of some common acids and bases
Acids - Hydrochloric acid - HCL - Nitric acid - HNO3 - Sulfuric acid - H2SO4 Bases - Sodium hydroxide - NaOH - Potassium hydroxide - KOH - Calcium hydroxide - Ca(OH)2 - Ammonia - NH3 - Calcium carbonate - CaCO3
Recognise what happens when acids and bases react together
Acids and bases react to neutralise each other
Use the pH scale to compare the acidity and alkalinity of different solutions
The pH scale as running from 0-14, with zero the most acidic and 14 the most alkali, and 7 neutral.
Use indicators to classify solutions as acidic, alkaline or neutral:
Phenolphthalein acid: colourless base/alkali: pink neutral: colourless Litmus paper acid: red base/alkali: blue neutral: purple Universal indicator acid: red, orange, yellow base/alkali: dark green, blue, purple neutral: light green
What is salt a compound of
Salt is a compound of a metal ion and one or more non-metal ions (not oxide)
What is salt
Salts are neutral substances that can be formed during neutralisation reactions, and consist of one metal and one or more non-metal element. They can be soluble or insoluble in water.
Explain how water is formed from H+ and OH- ions when acids neutralise bases
Acids give off H+ ions, and bases/alkali give off OH- ions. These combine to form H2O.
State the general equation for acid and base neutralisation
Acid + Base –> Salt + Water
Describe some techniques for preparing salts in the laboratory
• Growing crystals Add 50mL of H2SO4 into a beaker. Light the bunsen burner up and place the tripod on top of the burner and place the gauze on top of the tripod which will have the beaker on top. With a thermometer measure the H2SO4 to 70 degrees. When it is at 70 degrees turn the bunsen burner off and carefully put the beaker on the tile. Slowly add CuO until the solution is saturated. Place the filter paper over a funnel and place the funnel over another beaker. Carefully pour the solution into the funnel. With the filtered solution pour it into a petri dish. Place the petri dish somewhere to turn into crystals. CuO (s) + H2SO4 (aq) –(heat)–> CuSO4 (aq) + H2O
Construct word equations for neutralisation reactions
(acid + base [metal oxide or metal hydroxide] only)
Write balanced symbol equations for acid-base neutralisation reactions.
State the general equation for acid and metal carbonate neutralisation
Acid + Metal carbonate –> Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide
State the names and formulae of some common carbonates
Sodium Carbonate - Na2CO3 Calcium Carbonate - CaCO3
Write balanced symbol equations for acid-carbonate reactions
State Collision theory
For a reaction to occur between two substances, their particles must collide with each other. The more collisions that occur per second, the faster the reaction.
Explain the effect of temperature on reaction rate using collision theory
Reactions go faster when they’re hotter. When you increase the temperature you give particles more kinetic energy and so more collisions occur per second.
Explain the effect of surface area on reaction rate using collision theory
If more surface area is available more particles collide which means a faster rate of reaction.
Explain how to make your own indicators from plants
Get your selected plant and chop it up. Add material in a morter and add water and sand and thoroughly grind it. Filter the solution. Place HCL and NaOH into 2 seperate dips in the spot tiles. Add a few drops of the solution in the acid and base and record the colour differences.
Explain how to find your indicator’s pH change point
What is an indicator
Define an indicator as a natural dye that changes colour depending on whether it is placed in an acid or base
Show the chemical reactions for 3 ways to produce salt
• Acid + Base –> Salt + Water • Acid + Metal –> Salt + Hydrogen • Acid + Metal carbonate –> Salt + Water + Carbon dioxide