C.2 The Periodic Table
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periodic table: John Dalton
listed elements in order of atomic weight
periodic table: John Newland
• Law of Octaves • every 8th had similar properties up to Calcium • By atomic weight
periodic table: Mendeleev
• Atomic weight • groups based on similar properties • Switched I and Te to best suit properties
Why was Mendeleev’s ideas accepted
• Left gaps for undiscovered elements • When discovered they fit into the gaps and fit predicitions
Properties of Alkali metals vs Transition
G1 are: • softer • lower mp • lower density • more reactive
G1 + water
• Metal hydroxide • Hydrogen Observations: • Bubbling • flame colour for those in flame tests
G1 + oxygen
• Metal Oxide • 4Na + O2 –> 2Na2O Observation • All burn vigourously • With white smoke
G1 + Chlorine
• Metal Chloride • (2NaCl) Observation • White solid
Properties of G7
Melting boiling points increase down group • Larger molecule • More IMF
Physical properties of transition metals
• good conductors of heat + electricity • hard/strong • High density and melting point
Chemical properties of transition metals
Less reactive than G1
Transition Metal –> Ion + Colour: Copper (II) Sulfate
• Cu2+ • blue
Transition Metal –> Ion + Colour: Nickel (II) carbonate
• Ni2+ • Pale green
Transition Metal –> Ion + Colour: Chromium (III) oxide
• Cr3+ • Dark green
Transition Metal –> Ion + Colour: Manganese (II) chloride
• Mn2+ • pale pink