Human Biology
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
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What are receptors in the nervous system?
Cells that allow us to detect different types of stimuli
What do photoreceptors detect?
Light
Where are photoreceptors located?
Eyes (retina)
Where are pain receptors primarily located?
Throughout the body, mostly in the skin
What do mechanoreceptors detect?
Pressure, touch, motion, and sound.
Where are mechanoreceptors found?
Skin, inner ear, and muscles.
What do chemoreceptors detect?
Chemicals (taste and smell)
Where are chemoreceptors located?
Nose and Tongue.
What do thermoreceptors detect?
Temperature changes
Where are thermoreceptors located?
Skin
What do pain receptors detect?
Cell damage.
Where are pain receptors located?
Skin
What does the nervous system do and what are the two parts of it.
The nervous system mainly senses the environment and controls actions. It’s made up of the CNS and PNS
What is the function of the CNS (central nervous system) and what is it made up of?
It receives and processes info from all over the body, and then sends out messages telling the body how to respond. It is made up of the brain and spinal cord.
What is the function of the PNS (Peripheral nervous system) and what is it made up of?
Relay messages between the CNS and other parts of the body. It is made up of a bundle of nerves throughout the body.
What is a neuron?
It is a specialised cell that transmits messages (as electrical signals) to and from, and within the CNS.
What is a neuron made up of (and the function of those ports).
• Dendrites: Receives signals • Cell Body/Soma: Contains Nucleus • Nucleus • Axon: Carries the electrical impulse • Nodes of Ranvier • Myelin Sheath: Insulates the axon, and speeds up impulse • Axon Terminals: Send signals to the next neuron.
What is the synapse.
It is the gap between neurons.
Types of Neurons (3) and their functions.
• Motor Neuron: Carries the signals from the CNS to the effectors • Interneuron: Links the sensory and motor neurons in the CNS • Sensory Neuron: Carries the signals to the CNS from receptors.
What crosses the synapse?
Neurotransmitters
How does a signal cross a synapse?
Electrical signals become chemical, then vessicles release neurotransmitters that then diffuse all over the synapse (gap) before triggering electrical signals in the next neuron.
Steps of a stimulus - response pathway
• Stimulus • Receptors • Sensory neuron • CNS • Motor Neuron • Effector • Reponse
What is a reflex?
It’s a fast, automatic and protective response.
Why are reflexes fast?
Because they bypass the brain and go through the spinal cord.