Chemistry

• Combustion takes place (quick reaction with oxygen that produces heat and light) • Bubbles of gas are released • Reaction with acid, water, or oxygen • If heat is absorbed during the reaction (endothermic reaction) • If heat is emitted during the reaction (exothermic reaction) • If light is emitted during the reaction • If a precipitate (solid) forms in a liquid • New colour • New odour • Irreversible

Results in the formation of a new substance or substances (a baked cookie)

A change in state, shape, and form. No new substances are produced (ice melting)

Element that is malleable and ductile and conducts electricity and heat Vs. Elements that are grouped together mainly because they do not resemble metals. (Carbon)

Look at Notes

Formula —> Name: 1) name the metal ion first using the elemental name and add a prefix 2) name the non-metal, change the ending of the name with an ide (if polyatomic, do not change) and add a prefix 3) name the ionic compound by combining the ion names E.g: N3Cl4 —> trinitrogen tetrachloride Prefixes: mono (1), di (2), tri (3), tetra (4), penta (5), hexa (6), hepta (7), octa (8), nona (9), deca (10) Name —> Formula: 1) Write out the element symbols then if the prefixes above are before the element name, you have to put a number after the element name; eg. dinitrogen hexoxide —> N2O6

Formula —> Name: 1) Name the Metal ion first using the elemental name 2) name the non-metal, change the ending of the name with an ide (if polyatomic, do not change) 3) name the ionic compound by combining the ion names Name —> Formula: identify the symbols and their charge, then complete the crisscross method

1) write the symbols for the element 2) write the charge of each ion above its symbol 3) bring over the first element charge to the other side, and vice-versa Ex: 2 1 1 2 CaCl - CaCl - CaCl - CaCl2

-copper, lead, iron, or tin always contain a Roman numeral written after the first metal in the compound -you can determine which roman numeral to use by using the subscript attached to the metal element in the compound Example: CrCl3 —> Chromium (III) chloride To be 100% of the roman numeral, you need to do the reverse crisscross method E.g: PbS2 —> Pb2S - Pb(2x2)S(1x2) —> Pb4S2 —> Lead (IV) Sulphide E.g: FeO —> Fe(1x2)O(1x2) —> Fe2O2 —> Iron (II) Oxide (multiply by 2 here because Oxygens charge is 2, the formula was simplified.

S- All particles have spaces between them P- All matter is composed of very tiny objects called particles A- All particle’s Attract each other M- All Particles are in constant motion

-low melting point -react easily with water and air -very soft -shiny silvery metals -extremely reactive (most violent with water) -combine easily with other elements to form compounds

-shiny, silvery metals -non soluble

Element with metallic and non metallic properties (silicon)

-non-metals -very reactive -noticeable colour -growing in intensity -reactivity increases up the group -very poisonous

-elements that glow if an electric current is passed through them -none of these gases are chemically reactive -rarely form chemical compounds with other elements. -do not react with anything -group 8/18

-hydrogen -colourless -odourless -tasteless -highly flammable

-element that is malleable and ductile -conducts electricity and heat

Elements that are grouped together mainly because they do not resemble metals (carbon)

Ability hammered/bent into shape (aluminum foil)

Ability to be pulled into pulled into wire form (copper wire)

Metals are silvery-grey (except for Cu and Au) while non-metals are found in all colours

Matter is found in all three states: Solid, Liquid, and Gas

Ability to resist scratching (diamonds are harder then glass, so they can be used to cut it)

Measure of a fluids resistance to flow (molasses has a higher ______ than water)