Gene expression
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Function of tRNA
Carries specific amino acid to the ribosome
Triplet bases of bases in mRNA and tRNA
mRNA - codon tRNA - anticodon
site of translation
ribosome in cytoplasm
Sub-units that join together to form a polypeptide
amino acids
Bond that joins amino acids together
Peptide bonds
Bonds that hold proteins in their 3D shape
Hydrogen bonds Other interactions
3 differences between DNA and RNA
DNA: Double stranded, deoxyribose sugar, Bases: TAGC RNA: single stranded, ribose sugar, Bases: UAGC
Site of transcription
Nucleus
Enzyme responsible for transcription
RNA polymerase
Steps in transcription
• RNA polymerase unwinds the DNA. • Hydrogen bonds between the bases break. • RNA nucleotides bond to DNA nucleotides by complementary base pairing. • RNA polymerase forms the sugar-phosphate backbone of mRNA. • Hydrogen bonds between mRNA and DNA break, primary transcript is ready for splicing. • DNA double helix reforms.
How can one gene code for several proteins
Alternative RNA splicing
What process creates mature mRNA from the primary transcript
RNA splicing
Define intron and exon
Intron: Non-coding region Exon: Coding region
Steps involved in translation
• Ribosome binds to mRNA • Start codon on mRNA is recognised by anticodon on tRNA • tRNA carries specific amino acid • Next codon on mRNA recognised by tRNA anticodon and next amino acid added • Peptide bonds form between amino acids • Translation continues until STOP codon is recognised