structure and bonding
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What is meant by the term non polar
Bonding electrons are shared equally between atoms so there is no dipole
explain what is meant by a pure covalent bond
Both atoms have same electronegativity
Name the structure and bonding from the highest to he lowest boiling point
covalent network metallic ionic covalent molecular
Explain why methanol has a higher boiling point than methane
methanol has a hydroxyl group which is polar and can therefore form hydrogen bonding ethane is non polar and so can only form LDF hydrogen bonding is stronger than LDF resulting in a higher boiling point
Do covalent network structures have LDF
no
What are diatomic elements
two atoms covalently bonded
What is the most electronegative element
fluorine
What is pure covalent bond
when two atoms share bonding electrons equally
What are the intermolecular forces
van der waals forces
What is miscibility
the ability of liquids to mix in all proportions forming a solution
What is the molecular formula for fullerine
C60
What type of structure does silicon dioxide have
covalent network
Describe a non polar covalent bond
there is unequal sharing of the bonding electron
What type of bonds is only found in elements
pure covalent bond
Explain what activation energy is
minimum energy required for the reaction to occur to allow collisions to take place between the atoms
Titanium chloride is easily separated form impurities because it is volatile what does this suggests about the type of bonding present in titanium chloride
covalent
What is a covalent bond the result of
two positive nuclei being held together by their common attraction for the shared pair of electron
What is a polar covalent bond
formed when the attraction of the atoms for the pair of bonding electrons is different
Describe the order of the bonding continuum
pure covalent then polar covalent then ionic bonding
Why is the density of ice less than water at low temperatures
hydrogen bonding between molecules in ice results in an expanded structure that causes the density of ice to be less than that of water at low temperatures
What type of bonding is never found in elements
polar covalent
How do permanent dipole to permanent dipole interactions arise
when there is a difference in the electronegativities of the atoms
What are the strongest attraction broken when diamond is heated
covalent bonds
What are the strongest attractions broken when fullerene is heated
LDF