Optical Isomerism
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State and explain how you could distinguish between two enantinomers. (2)
1) Polarized late. 2) Rotated in opposite directions equally.
When does optical isomerism occur? (1)
1) In carbon compounds with 4 different groups of atoms attached to a carbon.
What is a carbon atom with 4 different groups of atoms attached called? (1)
1) Chiral carbon atom.
How are the 4 different groups of atoms attached to the chiral carbon atom arranged? (1)
1) Tetrahedrally
What are enantinomers?
1) Two compounds that are optical isomers of each other.
What is a racemate/ racemic mixture? (2)
1) A mixture containing a 50/50 mixture of the enantinomers. 2) Will not rotate plane polarised light.
How are the physical and chemical properties of optical isomers? (2)
1) They have similar chemical and physical properties. 2) But they rotate plane polarised light in opposite directions.
What kind of isomerism is optical isomerism? (1) Define it.
1) Stereoisomerism. 2) Same molecular formula but different spatial arrangement of atoms in space.
What symbol is used to indicate the chiral centre? (1)
1) *
Which mechanism is used in molecules with a carbonyl group? (1)
1) Nucleophilic addition.
What forms racemic mixtures? (1)
1) Nucleophillic addition.
What is thalidomide? (3)
1) Is an enantinomer. 2) One causes birth defects in unborn children. 3) One was a sedative.