Elements From The Sea
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How do you calculate atom economy?
Mr of useful products/ total Mr of products x 100
What forms at the anode if the solution contains halide ions?
Halogen
What happens at the anode if it’s a sulphate or nitrate?
Oxygen is produced
What happens at the anode if its a hydroxide?
Oxygen produced from OH-
What is formed at the cathode if it is a group 1/2 metal or aluminium?
Hydrogen gas produced from water
What is produced at cathode if it’s a metal not in group 1 or 2 or aluminium?
Metal produced
What is produced at the cathode if it’s an acid?
Hydrogen from H+ ions
Define oxidation
Loss of electrons
Define reduction
Gain of electrons
What are the two steps of a iodine-thiosulfate titration?
Use an oxidising agent to oxidise as much iodine as possible - excess acidic potassium iodide Titration iodine with sodium thiosulfste to calculate moles of iodine produced then calculate concentration of oxidising agent from this
What is the appearance of fluorine at room temp?
Pale yellow gas
What is the appearance of chlorine at room temp?
yellow-Green gas
What is the appearance of bromine at room temp?
Dark red volatile liquid
What is the appearance of iodine at room temp?
Shiny black solid
What is the trend in volatility of halogens? why?
Decrease down group the strength of the IDID intermolecular bonds inceeases down group due to more electrons
What is the trend in solubility of halogens in water?
Decreases in solubility down group
Colour of chlorine in water?
Pale green
Colour of bromine in water?
yellow/Orange
Colour of iodine in water?
Brown
Are halogens more or less soluble in organic solvents than water?
More
Colour of chlorine in hexane?
Pale green
Colour of bromine in hexane?
Orange/brown
Colour of iodine in hexane?
Violet
Trend in reactivity of halogens? And 2 reasons?
Decrease in reactivity Less shielding at top So stronger attraction to extra electrons from nucleus