Digestive anatomy and physiology
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what is a nutrient
components in a diet that are essential for normal physiology function. ex. water, energy, protein, vitamins and minerals.
what is digestion?
the process of taking in nutrients and breaking them down into a form that can be utilized by cells.
what are common features of digestion?
prehension , mastication(mechanical chewing) ,digestion(chemical or microbial), absorption(moves nutrients into circulatory system, elimination( indigestible/ non digestible.
what is a carnivore?
80-90% animal based diet, chemical digestion
what is a omnivore?
animals/ plant materials that are highly digestible
what is an herbivores?
plant materials that are low digestible
types of digestive tracts
monogastric,ruminant, non-ruminant herbivore modified monogastric (avian)
whats is a monogastric digestive tract?
single chambered stomach, carnivore and omnivore
what is a ruminant digestive tract?
multi chambered stomach, herbivore
what is a modified monogastric (avian) digestive system
carnivore, omnivore, granivore, frugivore, insectivore
Mono-gastric digestive tract mouth function ?
mechanical breakdown
Mono-gastric digestive tract esophagus purpose?
transport of ingested materials from mouth to stomach
Mono-gastric digestive tract stomach function
chemical digestion - Mucosal inning = protect stomach from digestive chemicals
what is a gastric stomach?
acids -ph =“ power of hydrogen”(0-14) -when mixed with water- and acid yields H+ ions
what are bases-“bitter”
.when mixed with water-bases yields OH-ions
Small intestine
small intestine-proximal region-digestion .small intestine- distal region- nutrient absorption
Proximal small intestine
chemical digestion and some absorption of nutrients
Distal small intestine
mostly absorption - nutrients can be moved across the small intestine Into the circulatory system(blood)
what is a cecum ?
blind pouch
what is a cecums purpose?
if functional-(microbial digestion)
instead of cecum what is a non functional cecum called ?
appendix
what are microbes ?
bacteria, fungi, yeast, protozoa
large intestine function?
water metabolism
monogastric species
carnivores, omnivores, -dog, cat, pig, human