Male reproductive
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Describe location and function of scrotum
hangs outside pelvic cavity and at root of penis, helps regulate temperature of testes
state the specific function of the cremaster muscles
pulls testes closer to body when cold
Define spermatogenesis
formation of sperm by meiosis
State 3 functions of sustentacular (Sertoli cells)
• supports and provides nutrients for 70 days whilst cells undergo meiosis and develop sperm • produce testicular fluid for transport of sperm • control release of sperm into somniferous tubules
Describe the specific function of acrosome
cap like vesicle containing enzymes to penetrate the secondary oocyte for fertilisation
Describe the specific function of the mitochondria
provide energy so that the tail can propel sperm through female reproductive system
Define the specific function of the tail of the sperm cell
Propels the sperm
Name the hormones involved in spermatogenesis beginning from the hypothalamus
GnRH LH Testosterone FSH
State 3 functions of testosterone
• controls growth development, function and maintenance of sex organs • stimulates sperm maturation • stimulates development of male secondary sex characteristics during puberty
State the location of the epididymis
curves around the posterior surface of the testes
3 functions of the epididymis
• site for sperm to mature an gain mobility over 14 days • stores sperm • propels sperm into ductus (vas) deferens
State the function of the ductus (vas) deferens
Transports sperm from epididymis to urethra by peristalsis can store sperm for several months
name the structures located in the spermatic cord
testicular blood vessels autonomic nerves lymphatic vessels ductus vas deferens cremaster muscles
Describe the location and state the function of seminal vesicles
pair of pouch like structure that add an alkaline viscous fluid into the sperm
Describe the location and state the function of the ejaculatory ducts
leads to ejaculatory duct eject sperm and seminal vesicle secretions into urethra just before ejaculation
Describe the location and function of the prostate gland
encircles the urethra just before the urinary bladder during ejaculation, smooth muscles contract squeezing glandular secretions into urethra via several ducts
Describe the location of and function of the bulbourethral glands
pea sized glands that produce a thick alkaline mucus which drains into to the urethra lubricating during sexual excitement
Describe the function of the urethra
carries urine out of the bladder, propelling semen along the length of the penis
Why cant a male urinate during ejaculation
muscle sphincter at the base of urinary bladder closes
2 age-related changes in older men
55 decreased testosterone levels therefore decreasing muscle strength, fewer viable sperm and a decreased sexual desire