C12 //2
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How can we test for carbonate ions
add dilute hydrochloric acid to the substance to see if it fizzes, if it does and the gas produced turns limewater cloudy, the substance contains carbonate ions
how can we test for halide ions
add dilute nitric acid and then silver nitrate solution
what colour precipitate do the halides produce
chlorine - white bromide - cream iodide - yellow
how can we test for sulfate ions
add dilute hydrochloric acid and then barium chloride solution if a white precipitate forms, sulfate ions are present
give two advantages of instrumental methods of analysis
accurate and very quick
give two disadvantages of instrumental methods of analysis
equipment is very expensive and needs specialist training to use
what is flame emission spectroscopy
instrumental method that chemists use to analyse samples for metal ions
how does flame emission spectroscopy work
the sample is heated in a flame you analyse the light produced by passing it through a spectroscope each type of metal ion has its own characteristic pattern you compare the line spectra with a data base to identify metal ions
what is a line spectrum
a metals characteristic pattern for flame emission spectroscopy
why must you add nitric acid and not HCl or sulfuric acid when testing for halides
hCl contains chloride ions and sulfuric acid contains sulfur ions which both give precipitates with silver nitrate solution
why cant scientists use flame test for metal ions
metal ions all give of different colours so some would be masked