Acids And Bases
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H+=
H3O+
Properties of acids
Produces h+ Sour Corrode metals Electrolytes React with based to form salt and water Turns blue litmus paper red
pH>7
Bases
pH<7
Acid
Properties of bases
Produces OH- Bitter chalky Are electrolytes Soapy slippery Turns red litmus paper red
Ends in hydroxide
Base
Naming acid Binary ide
Hydro (stem) ic acid
Naming acid Ternary ate
(Stem) ic acid
Naming acid Ternary ite
(Stem) ous acid
Arrhenius theory (traditional)
Acids produce h+ Bases produce OH-
Problem to Arrhenius theory
Some bases don’t have OH-
Bronsted Lowry theory
Acids- proton donor Bases- proton acceptar
Proton
Hydrogen atom that lost its e-
Lone pair
Two e- not involved in pair
Lines pairs go with
Bases, need lone pair to act as base
Anfoteric
Act as acid and base
Conjugate pair
Difference of hydrogen ion Acid more hydrogen One less is base
Strong acids/bases
100% ionization Single arrow K»»»»1 very much greater than one
Weak acids and bases
Much less than 100% ionization Reversible reaction K«««1
What don’t have any concentration
Liquids
pH scale
is a way of expressing the strength of acids and bases
PH formula
-log [h+]
[H+] formula
[h+]= 10^-PH
In a neutral solution, formula for [h30+][OH-]=
[h30+][OH-]= 1.00x10^-14