C2.4 - Group 7 - The Halogens, Trends of Group 1 + 7

-toxic non-metals -can be solid/liquid/ gas -coloured vapour + gets darker as you move down the group -low melting/boiling points + increase as you move down -poor conductors of heat/electricity

-symbol = F -molecule = F2 -gas -yellow -most reactive halogen

-symbol = Cl -molecule = Cl2 -gas -green

-symbol = Br -molecule = Br2 -liquid -brown

-symbol = I -molecule = I2 -solid -dark blue -least reactive halogen

-exist as diatomic molecules -diatomic pairs are joined with a covalent bond

-makes a halide -joined by a covalent bond

-metal halide -forms an ionic compound -forms a negative ion of the halogen -positive ion of the metal

F2 + H2 –> 2HF

name of halogen when it has reacted with another substance to gain a full outer shell

compound formed by hydrogen + halogen

metal + halogen compound

-molecules that exist as two atoms covalently bonded

-a reaction that occurs when a more reactive element pushes a less reactive element out of its compound

-distance between outermost electrons and nucleus (periods) -number of occupied inner shells -size of nuclear charge

As they provide a shielding effect.

The attraction between oppositely charged particles (protons and electrons)

the atoms are larger (more periods) due to the weaker electrostatic forces

the atoms are larger due to the weaker electrostatic forces

-as it becomes easier to lose/gain electrons -so the chemical reaction is more likely to occur

cancel charges out