Trimester 1 Unit 5

The rows of the table

Start at the lowest energy level and build to the higher energy levels only after the lowest are filled

A region of probability in which an electron can be found with the lowest level being the S orbital that is sphere-shaped and always filled first. The S Block holds groups 1 and 2

Hydrogen has one proton and one electron so it fills the first energy level or the S Orbital with one electron. Helium has two protons and two electrons so it fills the first orbital or !s with two electrons. Has a max of 2

Once the S Orbital has been filled, the electrons start filling in the P Orbital. It is shaped like a propeller giving it a total of 3 P Orbitals to be filled. Max of 6

Each P Orbital must receive one electron before any P Orbital can receive a second filling electron

There are five orbitals in the D block and seven orbitals in the F block, D block elements are called transition metals. D block max of 10 electrons and F block max of 14 electrons

1s2 2s2 2p1

The energy level

The type of orbital

The number of electrons

looks like a flower and can hold 14 electrons while also having 7 orientations and found in levels 4-5

Surrounded by empty space & vary in size and shape depending on the substance they are composed of.

Thought it was made of the 4 major elements

Common substances are broken down into the same proportions, compounds are a combination of various atoms that can’t be created or destroyed

Uniformed packed spheres with positive matter filled with negative electrons

Atoms thinly placed positive charge was not enough to keep things in place. Atoms consist largely of empty space with a few electrons while mass is in the center particles. Pass through gaps but bounce off the nucleus.

Electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energys & distances, able to jump from one level to another but not exist in the space between

impossible to determine the exact speed and position of electrons

Ionic and Covalent bonding

sharing of electrons, Polar Covalent=unequal sharing, Nonpolar Covalent=equal

Type of element and Electronegativity

metal and nonmetal=Ionic and nonmetal and nonmetal=covalent

Ionic>1.8, Polar Covalent 0.4-1.79, Nonpolar Covalent 0-0.39