Carbohydrate

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

Card preview (24)

Front (Question)

What elements does carbohydrate contain?

Back (Answer)

-Contain Hydrogen, Carbon and Oxygen

Front (Question)

What are the 2 main monosaccharides (you need to know)? What other are there?

Back (Answer)

• Ribose and Glucose - Galactose and Fructose

Front (Question)

What are the simplest carbohydrate called?

Back (Answer)

• Monosaccharides - Are building blocks for different monosaccharides

Front (Question)

Describe glucose

Back (Answer)

• Hexose sugar (6 membered rings) - Main source of energy in animals and plants

Front (Question)

What are the properties of glucose?

Back (Answer)

• Small-> so easily transported in and out of cells through carrier proteins • Highly soluble-> transported around organisms • Less reactive than other monosaccharides-> breakdown and controlled by enzymes

Front (Question)

What are the two types of glucose?

Back (Answer)

-Alpha glucose + Beta glucose

Front (Question)

Draw alpha glucose

Back (Answer)

-On the 4th carbon, above it is H and below it is OH

Front (Question)

Draw beta glucose

Back (Answer)

-On the 4th carbon, above it is OH and below it is H

Front (Question)

Describe ribose

Back (Answer)

• Pentose monosaccharide( 5 membered ring) - Is the sugar component of RNA nucleotides

#10

Front (Question)

What is the difference between ribose and glucose?

Back (Answer)

• Glucose is a hexose monosaccharide- has 6 membered rings - Ribose is a pentose monosaccharide- has 5 membered rings

#11

Front (Question)

What saccharides are formed when joined with monosaccharides?

Back (Answer)

• 2 monomers=disaccharide - multiple monomers=monosaccharides

#12

Front (Question)

How are disaccharides formed?

Back (Answer)

• 2 monosaccharides join through a condensation reaction - Have glycosidic bonds

#13

Front (Question)

Name the main disaccharides?

Back (Answer)

• Maltose • Sucrose • Lactose

#14

Front (Question)

How is Maltose formed?

Back (Answer)

• Formed by alpha glucose+ alpha glucose - Energy source in seeds

#15

Front (Question)

How is Sucrose formed?

Back (Answer)

• Formed by alpha glucose + fructose - Transported in the phloem to provide sugars to other parts of the plant

#16

Front (Question)

How is Lactose formed?

Back (Answer)

• Formed by alpha glucose + galactose - Energy source in milk

#17

Front (Question)

How is disaccharides broken?

Back (Answer)

• Hydrolysis reaction to form 2 monosaccharides - Requires water

#18

Front (Question)

What is a polysaccharide?

Back (Answer)

• Formed when 2 or more monosaccharide joins through condensation reaction • Has glycosidic bonds

#19

Front (Question)

What are the main polysaccharides

Back (Answer)

• Starch (amylose +amylopectin) • Cellulose • Glycogen

#20

Front (Question)

What is starch made up from?

Back (Answer)

-20%amylose and 80% amlyopectin

#21

Front (Question)

What is the function of starch?

Back (Answer)

• Main energy storage material in plants • Compacted to dense, insoluble grains in the amyloplast • Storage organs has many multiple amyloplast to provide energy

#22

Front (Question)

Describe amylose

Back (Answer)

• Formed by alpha glucose molecules • Has 1-4 glycosidic bonds • Coils up into a helix shape with H bonds = compact • Has 2 ends where enzymes can bind- slowly broken down

#23

Front (Question)

Describe amylopectin

Back (Answer)

• Formed by alpha glucose • Has 1-4 + 1-6 glycosidic bonds • 1-6 bonds-> gives it more branches • Many terminal ends for hydrolysis into glucose (happens quickly)

#24

Front (Question)

What is the function of glycogen?

Back (Answer)

• Main storage polymer in animal cells(+plant cells) - Found in cells with high metabolic rate (e.g. liver cells)