Changes of state
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What is it called when gas changes into a liquid?
Condensation
What is it called when liquid changes into a solid?
Freezing
What is it called when solid changes into a liquid?
Melting
What is it called when gas changes into a solid?
Deposition
What is it called when solid changes into a gas?
Sublimation
What is it called when liquid changes into a gas?
Evaporation
What is required for matter to change state?
It’s particles must gain or lose energy. For example, adding energy in the form of heat to a solid can make it change state, forming a liquid.
Melting and evaporation are processes that require (heating / cooling)?
heating
Condensation and freezing are processes that require (heating / cooling)?
cooling
Melting involves changing a ___ to a _____.
solid, liquid
What causes solids to be rigid and maintain their shape?
Particles are very close and have very strong attractive forces between them.
When a solid is HEATED, the particles gain _____ energy, which causes them to vibrate faster.
kinetic
When enough energy is exposed to a solid, the particles will…?
Gain enough energy break the strong attractive forces between them. The particles will begin the move more freely and further apart from one another, forming a liquid.
What is the temperature, at which a substance changes to a liquid called?
The melting point.
Evaporation causes a ____ to to turn into a _____.
liquid, gas
When particles in a liquid gain enough energy, they…?
Have enough energy to escape from the surface of the liquid in a gaseous state.
______ particles have the most kinetic energy.
Gas
Evaporation only takes place…?
On the surface of the liquid.
Condensation involves a _____ turning into a _____.
gas, liquid
What happens when gas particles are cooled?
They lose kinetic energy, and as a result, they slow down and move closer together, forming a liquid.
When condensation occurs, the forces of attraction between particles…?
Strengthen to form a liquid. Heat is lost to its surroundings.
Freezing involves a ____ changing to a ____.
liquid, solid
What happens to particles in a liquid when cooled?
The particles lose more kinetic energy. The particles slow down and move closer together as the forces of attraction between them strengthens to form a solid.