Ch. 2 vocab
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Abyssal plain
A smooth, nearly flat region of the deep ocean floor.
Benthos
Organisms that live on the bottom of the ocean or another body of water.
Climate
The average annual conditions of temperature, precipitation, winds, and clouds in an area.
Continental shelf
A gently sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor that extends outward from the edge of a continent.
Continental slope
A steep incline of the ocean floor leading down from the edge of the continental shelf.
Coriolis effect
The effect of the Earth’s rotation on the directions of the wind and currents.
Current
A large stream of moving water that flows through the oceans.
El Nino
An abnormal climate event that occurs every two to seven years in the Pacific Ocean, causing changes in the winds, currents, and weather patterns for one to two years.
Food web
The pattern of overlapping feeding relationships or food chains among the various organisms in the ecosystem.
Frequency
The number of complete waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time.
Groin
A wall made of rocks or concrete that is built outward from a beach to reduce erosion.
Intertidal zone
An area between the highest high-tide line on land and the point on the continental shelf exposed by the lowest low-tide line.
La Nina
A climate even in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which surface waters are colder than normal.
Longshore drift
The movement of water and sediment down a beach caused by waves coming in to shore at an angle.
Mid-ocean ridge
an under-sea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary under the ocean.
Nekton
Free- swimming animals that can move throughout the water column.
Neritic zone
The area of the ocean that extends from the low-tide line out to the edge of the continental shelf.
Open-ocean zone
The deepest, darkest area of the ocean beyond the edge of the continental shelf.
Plankton
Tiny algae and animals that float in water and are carried by waves and currents.
Rip current
A strong, narrow current that flows briefly from the shore back toward the ocean through a narrow opening.
Salinity
The total amount of dissolved salts in a water sample.
Seamount
A steep-sided volcanic mountain rising from the deep-ocean floor.
Sonar
A system that uses reflected sound waves to locate and determine the distance to objects under water.
Trench
A deep, steep-sided canyon on the ocean floor.