CC13 Periodic Table
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In terms of electrons, what do group 1 elements have in common?
1 electron in the outer shell
In terms of electrons, what do group 7 elements have in common?
7 electrons in the outer shell
In terms of electrons, what do group 0 elements have in common?
Full outer shell
What is more reactive, lithium or sodium?
Sodium
What is more reactive, chlorine or bromine?
Chlorine
Define inert
Un-reactive
Explain why the noble gases are inert
They have full outer shells, so do not need to gain or lose electrons
State the trend in the melting points of the alkali metals
Gets lower down the group
What state are fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine at room temperature?
Gas, gas, liquid, solid
What colour are chlorine, bromine and iodine at room temperature?
Green gas, red-brown liquid, dark grey solid
Balance the equation: Li + H₂O → LiOH + H₂
2Li + 2H₂ → 2LiOH + H₂
State the trend in melting and boiling points for the halogens as you go down the group. Predict what state astatine will be.
As you go down the group melting point increases. Fl and Cl₂ are gases, Br₂ is a liquid, I₂ is a solid. At₂ will be a solid
How can chlorine be tested for?
Damp blue litmus paper turns red then white
Explain why the group 1 elements are called alkali metals
They are metals that form alkalis when they react with water
What is a displacement reaction?
A reaction in which a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound
Explain why the following reaction does not proceed: KBr + I₂
Iodine is less reactive than bromine so cannot displace it
Balance the below equation and explain why it is a displacement reaction: KBr + Cl₂ → KCl + Br₂
2KBr + Cl₂ → 2KCl + Br₂ Chlorine has displaced bromine as it is more reactive
Explain why fluorine is more reactive than chlorine
To react they must gain an electron, fluorine has fewer shells so there is stronger attraction from nucleus to the electron it is gaining
Explain why potassium is more reactive than lithium
To react they must lose an electron, potassium has more shells so there is weaker attraction from the nucleus holding the outer shell electron in place.
How do halogens react with magnesium?
Mg (s) + Cl₂ → MgCl₂ (s)
What happens when halogens react with hydrogen? What is the pH when the product dissolves in water?
H₂ (g) + Cl₂ (g) → 2HCl (g) - pH will be low as forms an acid