Final
暂无描述。系统推荐的高质量记忆内容，适合每天坚持背诵学习。
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What conditions were on early earth to allow life?
water, heat from volcanoes, nitrogen, CO2, sulfer, PO4, NO O2
Miller-Urey
Recreated conditions on early earth, added spark that created organic compounds necessary for life (C L P N)
Endosymbiotic theory
proks absorbed other things (ex mitochondria, nucleus)-explains double membrane
punctuated equilibrium
evolution happens relatively rapidly in spurts, caused by environmental pressure
homologous structure
similar structure but different functions, common ancestor (ex skeloton of cat and bat)
analogous structure
different structures but similar functions, similar environments (ex dolphins and fish)e
vestigial structure
no direct function now but major function in the past (ex blind fish with eye sockets, appendix)
allopetric speciation
isolation due to geographic barrier (ex squirrels in Grand Canyon)sy
sympatric speciation
divergent evolution in same environment (ex fish in deep vs shallow lake)
prezygotic barriers
impede mating between species or hinder fertalization–temporal, mechanical, behavioral, genetic, habitat
postzygotic barriers
fertilization occurs, but hybrid zygote isn’t viable–reduced hybrid viability or fertility
polymorphism
multiple phenotypes are selected for
diploid y
two copies of chromosomes results in increased genetic variation
micro vs macro evolution
micro is within population, macro is creating a new species
5 conditions for Hardy Weinberg
• No mutation • Random mating (no sexual selection) • No gene flow • Very large population • No natural selection
saturated vs unsaturated fat
saturated has lots of hydrogens, unsaturated has double bonds–kinky, can’t stick together
3 parts of nucleotide
nitrogen base, sugar, phosphate group
protien folding
• amino acid chain, dehydration synthesis • alpha helix or beta pleated sheet, hydrogen bonding btwn carboxl Os and animo H • final weird shape, r-group interactions
what do enzymes do
decrease the energy needed for reactions
enzyme shape
Pacman with active sight (shape determined by protien folding and environment) where substrate binds and activates
competative inhibition
inhibitant and substrate are the same shape
noncompetitive inhibition
noncompetitive inhibitor binds at allosteric sight, changes shape of active sight so substrate doesn’t fit
negative feedback (allosteric) inhibition
enzyme changes shape gradually, regulated by final product which fits into allosteric sight of original enzyme
environmental impacts on enzymes
a change in ph causes a change in the interaction of r-groups in an active sight, changing the shape and decreasing function increased tempurature denatures protien, decreased tempuratures decrease rate of reaction becuase there’s less interaction ONLY EXTREME CHANGES