4.9: section 10: the internet

a network of interconnected computer networks which use end to end communication protocol

a collection of web pages residing on computers connected to the internet

each continent uses back bone cables connected by trans continental leased lines

they connect directly to the back bone cables and distribute internet connection yo smaller providers who provide access to individual homes and businesses

uniform resource locators are the full address of internet resources that specify the resource location on the internet so the browser can request it from the website server

they are needed to ensure that domain names are only used once

5 global organizations governed by the internet corporation for assigned names and numbers (ICANN) North America: ARIN South America: lacnic Africa: AFRINIC Asia/Pacific Islands/Australia: APNIC Europe/Middle East: RIPE NCC

they have a world wide data base listing all domain names in use in order they allocate IP addresses and keep track of addresses associated with the domain name for the DNS

how the area or domain an internet resource resides in is identified

an internationally agreed structure which classifies the area an an internet resource resides Structured in hierarchy fashion Small domains appear lower When written you work up from the bottom using dots to separate

a unique address which is given to a single network device. It performs a similar function to your home address-typically strings or numbers

massive collections of domain names, servers and routers that tell computers where to go to find web resources Packets routed across various routes

receive packets on a network and forwards them to the correct destination based on address Intelligent device which uses a table and algorithm to decide the best route onwards Wan be wired or wireless

Able to forward packets travelling between devices with different protocols by… 1: strips header data from incoming packing leaving the raw data 2: adds new header in format needed for the destination network and sends the packet out

bundle of data sent out across the internet to a destination. It is wrapped in other data which tells it the source and destination

HEADER: Destination and source IP address Destination and source mac address Packet sequence numbers PAYLOAD: Data TRAILER: Checksum

Method or protocol used to send multiple packets out across the internet

1: network interface card receives message to send out data 2: NIC splits the message up into equally sized packets and numbers them - a checksum is calculated and added to the packet 3: packets are routed to the local ISP - each is checked on arrival for corruption 4: packets are routed to the next node - depends on bandwidth, congestion, other factors-each packet may take its own route 5: packets arrive at the ISP of the destination computer 6: packets arrive at destination computer and TCP re-orders the packets into the correct sequence: 7: protocol bits are stripped from packet so the original data is passed to the application that needs it

a part of the URL including the host server name, website, company 2LD and country TLD host+ website domain name= FDQN

the amount of processing and storage a computer does in comparison to the server its connected to

the majority of processing and storage is done on the client computer

More robust and reliable Greater up time and services ability Preferred to run heavy duty software Pcs can be used without relying on a strong connection to the server

More expensive as client pcs will need to have higher specifications Every client will have the own software installed meaning updates will need to be downloaded individually increasing effort for the network administration team As the network isn’t centralized integrity issues are increased

the majority of processing and storage is done on the server. The pcs are called dumb terminals