The Chemical Industry
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What type of chemistry do many nitrogen compounds + ions play an important role in?
Soil chemistry
What is the systematic name, appearance, and oxidation state of nitrogen in the compound N2O?
Dinitrogen oxide +1 Colourless gas
What is the systematic name, appearance, and oxidation state of nitrogen in the compound NO?
Nitrogen oxide +2 Colourless gas
What is the systematic name, appearance, and oxidation state of nitrogen in the compound NO2?
Nitrogen dioxide +4 Brown gas
How is nitrogen (II) oxide formed from nitrogen?
N2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2NO (g)
How is nitrogen (IV) oxide formed from nitrogen (III) oxide? What colour is the product?
2NO(g) + 2O2 (g) → 2NO2 (g) Brown gas formed
Which nitrate do anaerobic bacterua reduce during respiration?
Nitrate (V)
What is the equation/sequence for anaerobic respiration in nitrogen-respiring bacteria?
NO2-(aq) → NO(g) → N2O(g) → N2 (g)
Why is ammonia able to act as a base?
Lone pair is able to accept H+ to become ammonium ion NH3 + H+ → NH4+
What is nitrate (V) often known as?
Just nitrate
What is the molecular formula, bond angle, and diagram for nitrate (V) ions?
NO3- 120º - Triangular Planar
What are the properties of nitrate (V) ions?
Lone pairs form dative covalent bonds to O therefore increases oxidation no. Very soluble in water
What is the molecular formula, bond angle, and diagram for nitrate (III) ions?
NO2- 120º - Triangular planar
What are the properties of nitrate (III) ions?
Very soluble in water. Can use lone pair to form dative covalent bonds 2 ressonance forms
What are the properties of diatomic nitrogen?
Very strong triple bond - low reactivity. High bond enthalpy.
Why is it not possible to test for compounds containing nitrate (V) or ammonium ions using precipitation? What type of tests must be used instead?
They are all soluble Must use tests involving formation of ammonia gas instead
What is the oxidation state of nitrogen, dot-and-cross diagram, molecular shape, and bond angle for ammonia?
-3 Trigonal pyrimidal 107º
What is the oxidation state of nitrogen, dot-and-cross diagram, molecular shape, and bond angle for ammonium?
-3 Tetrahedral 109.5º
Describe the test for ammonium ions
Substance being tested warmed with added NaOH. If ammonium present, ammonia gas formed + will turn damp red litmus blue
What is the equation for the test for ammonium ions?
NH4+(aq) + OH-(aq) → NH3 (g) + H2O(l)
What is the test for nitrate (V) ions?
Added NaOH + spatula of Devarda’s alloy (mis of Cu, Al, Zn) + heat gently Ammonia gas formed + will turn damp red litmus blue
Other than using damp red litmus, how can you test for ammonia gas?
Using conc. HCl as when fumes mixed produces white ammonium chloride gas
What are the interconversions of nitrogen compounds important in maintaining?
The balance of nutrient ions (e.g. nitrate (V)) in the soil
Give the definition of a catalyst
Substance that speeds up the rate of reaction by providing an alternate reaction pathway with a lower Ea