9.2 Hydrocarbons
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Methane formula
CH4
Ethane formula
C2H6
Propane formula
C3H8
Butane formula
C4H10
Saturated
All atoms are bonded with as many atoms as they can (no double bonds)
Alkanes
Saturated hydrocarbons
Alkenes
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
Name the first 4 alkanes
-Methane -Ethane -Propane -Butane
Functional group
A group of atoms that determine how a molecule reacts
Alkene functional group
The C=C double bond
Alkene formula
CnH2n
Explain how alkenes are unsaturated
The double bond can open up to make more bonds
First 4 alkenes
-Ethene -Propene -Butene -Pentene
Ethene formula
C2H4
Propene formula
C3H6
Butene formula
C4H8
What is the difference between but-1-ene and but-2-ene
The double bond is in the middle of but-2-ene
Test for alkenes
Add to bromine water and shake to see if it goes from orange to colourless
What happens when an alkene is added to bromine water
An addition reaction takes place where bromine is added across the alkene double bond
Explain why the test for alkenes does not work on alkanes
There is no double bond
How are hydrocarbons used in combustion reactions
Alkanes and alkenes burn in oxygen
What happens to alkanes and alkenes in complete combustion
They are oxidised to form carbon dioxide and water