Chapter 1-10
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (24)
What is the Lithosphere?
The crust and the uppermost part of the Earth’s Mantle.
What is the asthenosphere?
A hotter, weaker region of the mantle that lies beneath the lithosphere.
What are the three types of plate boundaries?
Convergent, Divergent, and Transform
What are Divergent plate boundaries?
Where two plates move apart, resulting in upwelling of hot material from the mantle to create a new sea floor.
What are Convergent plate boundaries?
Where two plates move together, resulting in oceanic lithosphere descending beneath an overriding plate.
What are Transform plate boundaries?
Where two plates grind past each other without producing or destroying lithosphere.
What is the structural division of the planet?
Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, and Inner Core
What are the types of Convergent plate boundaries?
Ocean-ocean, Ocean-continent, and Continent-continent
What are the seven main lithospheric plates?
North American, South American, African, Pacific, Eurasian, Australian-Indian, and Antarctic.
What is sea-floor spreading?
The mechanism that operates along the oceanic ridge system to create new seafloor.
What is the most studied Transform boundary?
San Andreas fault
What are Hot Spots?
Areas of volcanism, high heat flow, and crustal uplifting that is a few hundred kilometers across.
Name two Hot Spots.
Yellowstone and Hawaiian Hot Spot
What is the Focus of an earthquake?
The location where the earthquake begins.
What is the Epicenter of an earthquake?
The point on Earth’s surface directly above the hypocenter/focus of an earthquake.
What is the Foreshock?
Earthquakes proceeding major earthquakes by days or even years.
What are Aftershocks?
Numerous quakes of lesser magnitude that follow after strong earthquakes.
What was the largest US earthquake?
The Great Alaska Earthquake in 1964.
What is a fault?
A rupture in rock along which motion has occurred.
What is liquefaction?
The phenomenon of transforming a somewhat stable soil into mobile material capable of rising towards Earth’s surface.
What are Oceanic-oceanic convergence plate boundaries?
Where two oceanic slabs converge, one descends beneath the other, initiating volcanic activity by the same mechanism that operates at all subduction zones.
What are Oceanic-continental convergence plate boundaries?
When the leading edge of a plate capped with continental crust converges with a slab of oceanic lithosphere.
What are Continental-continental convergence boundaries?
When one land mass moves toward the margin of another because of subduction of the intervening seafloor.
What is a island arc formed by and what is it? (examples are the Aleutian, Mariana, and Tonga)
It is formed by oceanic-oceanic convergence and is a chain of volcanic structures large enough to emerge as islands.