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Lecture 11 Mesoderm AP patterning

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Total cards: 24•Content version: v4•Public deck•Updated: 8/1/2026

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#1
Front (Question)

The organiser undergoes… to become…

Back (Answer)

convergent extension rod of mesoderm in the middle called axial mesoderm, and bands of mesoderm either side called paraxial mesoderm

#2
Front (Question)

Which species was used to learn about the formation of paraxial mesoderm

Back (Answer)

Chick embryo

#3
Front (Question)

Difference between chick and xenopus embryo paraxial mesoderm

Back (Answer)

Flattened discs vs a fold with animal and vegetal poles

#4
Front (Question)

Describe the chick embryo as it is undergoing gastrulation

Back (Answer)

2 sheets of cells Epiblast layer top Hypoblast layer bottom

#5
Front (Question)

What is equivalent to the Xenopus organiser

Back (Answer)

Hensen’s node

#6
Front (Question)

Where does mesoderm form during gastrulation

Back (Answer)

At the primitive streak

#7
Front (Question)

At the 2 layer (epiblast/hypoblast stage), what occurs?

Back (Answer)

Signals from hypoblast change the fate of the epiblast

#8
Front (Question)

Which cells become endoderm

Back (Answer)

Cells that see a high conc of nodal

#9
Front (Question)

Which cells become mesoderm

Back (Answer)

Cells that see a lower conc of nodal

#10
Front (Question)

What are the four mesodermal tissues

Back (Answer)

Axial mesoderm Paraxial mesoderm Intermediate mesoderm Lateral mesoderm

#11
Front (Question)

Mesoderm that forms immediately adjacent to the axial mesoderm/either side of the NT is..

Back (Answer)

Paraxial mesoderm

#12
Front (Question)

What is the mesdoerm which sits under the flat ectoderm i.e. the furthest away

Back (Answer)

Lateral mesoderm

#13
Front (Question)

What is the mesoderm which sits between the paraxial mesoderm and the lateral mesoderm

Back (Answer)

Intermediate mesoderm

#14
Front (Question)

What is the mesoderm which also makes up the notochord

Back (Answer)

Axial mesoderm

#15
Front (Question)

Intermediate mesoderm gives rise to

Back (Answer)

Gonads and kidney

#16
Front (Question)

Paraxial mesoderm gives rise to

Back (Answer)

Head anteriorly Somites at the trunk

#17
Front (Question)

Somites give rise to

Back (Answer)

• Sclerotome/cartilage • Syndotome/tendons • Myotome/skeletal muscle • Dermatome/dermis, skeletal muscle

#18
Front (Question)

Lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to

Back (Answer)

Extraembryonic Splanchnic Somatic

#19
Front (Question)

What are somites

Back (Answer)

Segmented paraxial mesoderm tissues

#20
Front (Question)

What is pre-somatic mesoderm

Back (Answer)

Where the somites form, at the posterior

#21
Front (Question)

What are somites the earliest evidence of

Back (Answer)

Segmentation in vertebrates

#22
Front (Question)

How can meosderm segmentation be visualised

Back (Answer)

Engrailed 1 expression Can see clear segmentation in the vertebrates and invertebrates as mesodermal segmentation is conserved throughout evolution

#23
Front (Question)

What does somite number dictate

Back (Answer)

Number of vertebrae

#24
Front (Question)

Somites form in… from the paraxial mesoderm

Back (Answer)

Pairs