Ch - 12 (Preparation of Salts)
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Define salt
A salt is a compound that is formed when hydrogen atom in the acid is replaced by a metal.
What are the important uses of these compound salts?
• Fertilisers • Batteries • Cleaning products • Healthcare products • Fungicides
How many parts does a salt’s name have?
2 parts
what is the first part of a salt name contain?
Metal / Metal oxide / Metal hydroxide / Metal carbonate
What does the second part of the salt contain?
Acid
Which method do we use to prepare insoluble salts?
Precipitation reaction
What should we do to successfully carry out the precipitation process?
• solid salt being formed must be in insoluble water • reactant must be soluble
What is the method to prepare insoluble salts using precipitation method?
• Dissolve soluble salts in water and mix together using a stirring rod in a beaker. • Filter to remove precipitate from mixture. • Wash filtrate with distilled water • Dry in an oven
What happens when salt is being formed in terms of water?
some water can be retained in the structure of the salt during crystallisation process
What effect does water retained in the structure have?
Affects shape and colour
Define hydrated salts.
Contain water in their structure
Define anhydrous salts.
Contain NO water in their structure
Give an example of a hydrated salts turning into anhydrous.
copper (II) sulfate is blue when hydrated. When heated it becomes anhydrous copper (II) sulfate, and is White.
Define water of crystallisation.
Water molecules included in the structure of some salts during the crystallization process.
Define hydrated compound.
A compound that contains water of crystallisation.
What do we include when writing a hydrated compound?
Water od crystallisation is separated from the formula with a dot
what does the dot in the formula show?
Shows no. of moles of water contained within one mole of the hydrated salt.
Define anhydrous compounds.
A compound that doesn’t contain water of crystallisation.
Is the reaction of hydrous compound to anhydrous compound reversible?
Yes
What are the soluble salts?
S - sodium N - nitrate A - ammonium P - potassium
What are the soluble salts of (chloride, iodides, bromide)?
All except Pb - Lead Ag - Silver Hg - Mercury
what are soluble sulfates?
All except - Ca - Calcium Ba - Barium Le - Lead
What are insoluble carbonates and hydroxides?
all except S - sodium A - ammonium P - potassium
Is calcium hydroxide soluble?
partially soluble