U2-2 - Everyday Consumer Products (and Energy from Fuels)
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Name this functional group
Hydroxyl
All alcohol names end in … .
–ol (e.g. ethanol)
What is missing from the name? Butanol
Location of OH group (butan-2-ol)
Which side do we number the carbon chain from (left or right)?
Right - must give lowest possible number to OH group (3-methylbutan-1-ol). Functional groups take priority over alkyl groups (so C=C or OH over CH3 or C2H5)
General formula for alkanols
CnH2n+1OH
How are alcohols made in industry?
Via hydration of alkenes
Name this type of reaction
Dehydration
Eh = cm∆T What is ∆T?
Water temperature change (after heating)
Eh = cm∆T What are the units for m?
kg
Eh = cm∆T What is m?
Mass of water being heated (NOT mass of fuel!)
Eh = cm∆T What is the value of c?
4.18 (can be found in the data booklet)
Eh = cm∆T What are the units for Eh?
kJ (kilojoules)
How many carbons in the longest chain?
5 You can’t have branches at the start/end of the chain!
What type of compound is this?
Carboxylic acid
Name this functional group
Carboxyl (NOT carboxylic acid)
Carboxylic acid names end in ____ ______.
-oic acid (e.g. ethanoic acid)
The name of a carboxylic acid salt will end in _____.
-oate (e.g. sodium ethanoate)
Give two uses of vinegar
• In household cleaners • To preserve food
Vinegar is _________ acid.
ethanoic
Name this type of compound
Ester
Weak attractions between molecules
Intermolecular forces
As molecule size increases, the forces between molecules get ______.
stronger
Which will have the higher boiling point: small alkane large alkane?
Large alkane (larger molecule = stronger intermolecular forces)
Why do larger molecules have higher boiling points?
Stronger intermolecular forces (compared to smaller molecules)