cells
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what is the largest organelle
nucleus
what is the function of the nucleus
contains chromosomes which carry genetic material which control the cell activities
what is the function of the cell surface membrane
forms boundary between cytoplasm of cell and the outside partially permeable so determines what can go in and out of cell(selectively permable)
what is a gene
a section of DNA that determines a particular feature
what are proteins that DNA coils around
histone proteins
what is the function of DNA polymerase
assembles new strands of DNA from nucleotides
where does protein synthesis take place
cytoplasm of cell
what are the differences between DNA and RNA
DNA is a double helix RNA is a single strand DNA contains the sugar deoxyribose RNA contains ribose RNA contains the base uracil instead of thymine
what are the 2 stages of prt synthesis
transcription and translation
describe the process of transcription
happens in the nucleus in a chromosome part of the DNA helix unwinds and unzips so the 2 strands separate exposing the bases along the template strand DNA forms framework and mRNA is formed building blocks of mRNA are RNA nucleotides they line up according to the complementary base pair rule mRNA leaves nucleus and moves in to cytoplasm through the pores of the nuclear membrane DNA helix then zips up again
describe the process of translation
takes place at ribosome first tRNA binds to bind at mRNA does so at start codon another tRNA brings an anticodon which binds with next codon on mRNA bonds form between first and second amino acid process is ongoing forming a polypeptide at end of chain is stop codon
what is a mutation and what types of mutations can occur
random change in DNA of cell duplication: nucleotide is inserted twice deletion: nucleotide is missed out substitution: diff nucleotide is used inversion: sequence of bases in a triplet is reversed