Wk5- CNS- The Brain & Spinal Cord

What are the 6 sections of the brain ?

The Cerebrum is the largest part of the brain • What are the 2 Hemispheres divided into? • Is heavily f-? • The Cerebral cortex is g- matter covering w-?matter

The Cerebellum is the 2nd largest part of the brain • Like the C- it is also divided into Left and Right Hemispheres • A grey matter c- covers white matter • The Cerebellum is responsible for coordination, m- , equilibrium and b-?

The Diencephalon is made up of the Thalamus and hypothalamus. The Thalamus : 1. The thalamus is divided into l- and r- lobes. 2. Process and relays information for c- c- interpretation 3. Houses a small gland that is also part of the endocrine system

The Diencephalon : The Hypothalamus is responsible for primitive survival reactions and regulates 1. The - Nervous System 2. S- /w- cycle 3. T- / h- drives 4. Body t- 5. R- 6. Blood c-

The Misencephalon / mid brain Contains cerebral peduncles that carry nerve fibres from the cerebrum to the spinal cord, medulla and pons 1. Contains v- and h- reflex systems 2. V- tracking / s- 3. S- reflexes

The Pons (bridge) 1. Conveys m- information to spinal cord and cerebellum Helps regulate 2. s-/w- cycle 3. M- 4. Control b-

The Medulla Oblongata relays information from the brain to the spinal cord • The desussation point: _0% A- cross from opposite hemispheres • Regulate h- r- respiration and b- p-

The Spinal cord: • Enlargements occur at areas of s- and m- control connection, wider areas for processing. • Enlargements - C and L • C - supplies nerves to u- limbs (shoulders) • L- supplies nerves to l- limbs (pelvis)

Spinal cord Anatomy: 1.White matter = m- and un- axons 2.Grey matter = cell bodies and un- axons, forms - shape horns 3. What are the 2 different types of roots? 1 type is Afferent ,1 Efferent

What are the functions of the Cerebrospinal fluid? • Protect and regulate the _ _ _ • Act as a s- a- and f- brain in cranium • H- : controls _ _ , carries/ circulates h- and n-

What protects the spinal cord ? 1. A f- l- 2. 3 types of Spinal m- D- mater, A- mater, P- mater

What 4 lobes divide the Cerebrum? • Motor • Sensory • Language • Vision

Frontal lobe functions: efferent Primary motor area and skeletal muscle control B- - - - - - - r L- - - - - - g P- - - - - - - - - y P- - - - - - - - - - - l state

Parietal lobe functions: Afferent Primary sensory area and perception of touch T- - - - e P- - - - - - e P- - n V- - - - - - - n T- - - - - - - - - e

Temporal lobe functions: H - - - - - g L- - - - - - e M- - - - - y E - - - - - - s

Occipital lobe functions: Primary visual area V- - - - - perception

There are 4 ventricles in the brain. Left ,Right ,3rd and 4th _ _ _ circulates around the ventricles , cranial m- and central c- - - -

Methods of protecting the brain: • Hard shell • _ _ _ : floats brain/ a- - - - - s impact, reduces weight _._kg - _.5g, cranial m - - - - - - s(3 types) D,A,P maters

The Blood Brain Barrier Protective mechanism isolates neural tissue from general circulation *T - - - - junctions : prevent diffusion through capillaries. *Astro? projections secrete chemicals that sustain the reduced permeability *Glucose crosses the barrier by a—— t——–

Spinal cord anatomy: H shape roots = grey matter Dorsal roots = axons of Afferent (?) nerves bringing information ? the CNS Ventral roots = Axons of efferent (?) neurons sending instructions ? of CNS to effectors

Protecting the brain: • Cranial meninges • Dural folds • CSF ? Mater= strongest meninges , also forms Dural folds which hold brain in place. ? Mater = web like projections extend into sub? space and onto ? mater. Sub? space filled with CSF. ? Mater = covers cerebral cortex and spinal cord surface, most delicate of three.

Protecting the spinal cord: Like the brain the spinal cord uses the same protective mechanisms. ? Mater and subdural space ? Mater and sub arachnoid space ? Mater

Spinal cord anatomy: Spinal cord like the brain is made of up roots and horns. The p? root = Afferent (?) information in/out The a? root = efferent (?) information in/out The spinal n? sends the Afferent information to somatic (skin) / visceral (blood vessel) ? organs and tissues. The spinal n?sends the efferent information to visceral(smooth muscle) /somatic (skeletal muscle) ? organs and tissues.