Review Journal on Enzymes ("The Physiological Sources of, Clinical Significance of, and Laboratory-Testing Methods for Determining Enzyme Levels" | P)
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What is the characteristic of enzymes?
These are organic molecules
What is the fxn of enzymes?
These accelerate biochemical rxns but emerge from the rxn unchanged
What is the meaning and purpose of abnormal lvls of plasma enzymes?
These are highly suggestive of damaged cells and provide clues to parts of the body that may be involved in disease processes
What are the purposes of measuring the enzyme lvls in the clinical lab?
1) To identify the site of damage 2) To quantify the amt of damage
What is the meaning of LD?
Lactate dehydrogenase
What is the meaning of AST?
Aspartate aminotransferase
What is the meaning of ALT?
Alanine aminotransferase
What is the meaning of ALP?
Alkaline phosphatase
What is the meaning of GGT?
Gamma-glutamyltransferase
What are the characteristics of LD?
1) It is a tetrameric enzyme 2) It has 2 distinct subunits 3) It has 6 isoenzymes
What are the 2 distinct subunits present in LD?
1) M 2) H
Where can LD be found?
1) Cardiac and skeletal muscles 2) Liver 3) Kidneys 4) Erythrocytes 5) Leukocytes 6) Lungs 7) Lymph nodes 8) Spleen 9) Brain
What is the fxn of LD?
It catalyzes the redox conversion of lactate to pyruvate / it catalyzes the reversible conversion of pyruvate to lactate in a redox rxn
What are the 6 isoenzymes of LD?
1) LD1 2) LD2 3) LD3 4) LD4 5) LD5 * 6) LD6
LD1 consists of what subunits?
HHHH subunits
LD2 consists of what subunits?
HHHM subunits
Where are LD1 and LD2 predominantly found?
1) Heart 2) Erythrocytes
LD3 consists of what subunits?
HHMM subunits
Where is LD3 found?
In the lungs
LD4 consists of what subunits?
HMMM subunits
LD5 consists of what subunits?
MMMM subunits
Where are LD4 and LD5 found?
In the liver
What is the meaning of MI?
Myocardial infarction
What is the meaning of NAD?
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide