Human diet and nutrition
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List the seven main components of a diet
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, iron, calcium, vitamins, water and fibre
What do carbohydrates, lipids and proteins aid in
They are all fuels for respiration
What are the function of carbohydrates and list some foods which contain carbohydrates
Fuel for respiration, Bread, potatoes, rice, cereal, fruit
What are the function of proteins and list some foods which contain proteins
Growth and repair of cells and tissues, Meat, eggs, quorn, fish, quinoa
What are the function of lipids and list some foods which contain lipids
Store for energy and insulation, Butter, cooking oil, cream, avocado
What is the function of Iron and list some foods which contain Iron
Forms the part of haemoglobin which binds to oxygen, Read meat, liver, spinach
What is the function of Calcium and list some foods which contain Calcium
Needed to form bones and teeth, Milk, dairy products, fish, fresh vegetables
What is the function of Vitamin A and list some foods which contain Vitamin A
Making a chemical in the retina and also protects the surface of the eye, Fish liver oil, liver, butter, carrots
What is the function of Vitamin C and list some foods which contain Vitamin C
Needed for cells and tissues to stick together, Fresh fruit and vegetables e.g. oranges
What is the function of Vitamin D and list some foods which contain Vitamin D
Needed to absorb Calcium and Phosphate ions from food, Dairy products, oily fish
What is the function of Fibre and list some foods which contain Fibre
Fibre helps the movement of food through the intestine, Wheat, oats, anything with cellulose
What can a deficiency in iron cause?
Anaemia, fatigue, dizziness, shortness of breath and general tiredness
What can a deficiency in Calcium cause?
🅱endy 🅱one Syndrome (rickets), stunted growth, pain in bones
What can a deficiency in Vitamin A cause?
Night blindness and a damaged cornea
What can a deficiency in Vitamin C cause?
Scurvy - spongy swollen gums, loose teeth and scaly dry skin
What can a deficiency in Vitamin D cause?
Rickets caused by weak bones
What is water essential for?
Water is an essential solvent,l as it allows molecules to be dissolved in it (blood). Crucial for temperature regulation
What are the five stages of the alimentary canal?
Ingestion (taking food in the mouth and swallowing), digestion (breaking down food), absorption (absorbing said smaller food molecules), assimilation (using new molecules to build more in cells), egestion (pooping).
What organs are used in the alimentary system?
Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, colon, small intestine, large intestine, anus
Name the two types of digestion which occur in the mouth and stomach
Chemical and mechanical digestion
Define mechanical digestion
Breaking up food into smaller pieces, using the teeth in the mouth (mastication) and the stomach muscles in the stomach
Define chemical digestion
Using enzymes to break down small pieces of food into even smaller molecules. In the mouth, the enzyme is in the saliva.
Which enzyme is used for chemical digestion in the mouth and what does it break down
Amylase is used to break starch down into maltose
How is choking caused? (bolus, epiglottis)
The mass of food is lubricated by saliva and shaped into a small ball called a bolus. If this bolus goes down the trachea by mistake (epiglottis flap not blocking trachea) choking can occur.