✅1 - Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table
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What are the subatomic particles in an atom?
Neutron, Proton and Electron
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
+
What is the relative charge of a proton?
0
What is the relative charge of a electron?
-
What is the atomic (proton) number?
The number of protons in the nucleus
What is the atomic mass number?
The number of protons + neutrons, also the relative atom mass
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons, but the same number of protons and electrons
What is relative atomic mass?
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of Carbon12
What is relative isotopic mass?
The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of Carbon12
What does a mass spectrometer measure?
The masses of atoms and molecules (as well as the fragments that make up the molecule)
What are Molecular Ion Peaks (M+) used to determine?
An exact Relative Molecular Mass
What peak is the M+?
The strongest peak furthest to the right
When should the term ‘Relative Formula Mass’ be used?
For compounds with giant structures
In a Mass Spectrum of an element, what does the number of peaks show?
The number of isotopes
In a Mass Spectrum of an element, what does the M/z of a peak show?
The mass number of the isotope
In a Mass Spectrum of an element, what does the size of a peak show?
The relative abundance of an isotope
What are the 4 processes in a mass spectrometer?
Ionisation, Acceleration, Deflection and Detection
Why must a vacuum be used in a mass spectrometer?
• It means no interference from atoms or molecules in air - Molecular fragments could not exist otherwise
What is M/z?
Mass to charge ration, mass divided by charge
What does the position of an atom on the Mass Spectra depend on?
The amount of deflection, therefore the mass of the atom.
What are quantum shells?
Defined energy levels, filled from the inside out
What are orbitals?
Subshells of the quantum shells, where electrons exist , a pattern of electron density
What shape is the S orbital?
Spherical
How many electrons can an S orbital hold?
2, with a 90% probability of finding them in its boundary