Respitory System

Inspired - Nitrogen 78% Oxygen - 21% Carbon dioxide - 0.04% Expired air - Nitrogen 78% Oxygen - 16% Carbon dioxide - 4%

The amount of air inspired or expired in a normal breath.

The maximum amount of air the lungs can expire after the maximum inspiration. Approx 2.5L

The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled

The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled

During exercise the demand for oxygen increases as oxygen is needed for energy production. Breathing increase in depth and rate to meet the demand of oxygen. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of aerobic energy production and we need to remove it when we breather out. To do all of this, tidal volume increases

Two lungs Allow air to be moved in and out of body Air enters the body through inspiration Leaves body through expiration

Air travels to each lung via a bronchus Bronchi - term for both left and right bronchus The passage of air gets smaller and smaller

The smaller airways that branch off the bronchi Branch out throughout the lungs and carry air from bronchi to alveoli

Tiny air sacs Attached to bronchioles The exchange of o2 and co2 occurs here

Domed sheet of muscles that helps breathe in and out Inspiration - diaphragm contracts and flattens to make more space in the chest so the lungs can expand to pull in air Expiration - the diaphragm relaxes and returns to a dome shape making the chest cavity smaller. This helps force air out of the lungs.

Alveoli has high pressure of o2. Capillaries surrounding alveoli have low pressure of O2. Movement of O2 from high pressure to low pressure through thin walls of capillaries. Capillaries gain o2

Capillaries surrounding alveoli have high CO2 and alveoli has low CO2. Movement of CO2 from high pressure to low pressure. CO2 moves from capillaries to alveoli to be breathed out