1.4.1 Data Types

• a shift performed on a binary numbers • logical shift left : multiplication • logical shift right : division • n= number of places shifted, has the effect of multiplying or dividing by 2^n

Can be applied to binary numbers by combining them with logic gates

• a bit is a binary digit (can be 1 or 0) -which is the fundamental unit of information • 1 and 0 are used to represent 2 electrical states on and off • 8 bits = 1 byte • 4 bits = 1 nibble

• A published collection of codes paired with corresponding characters. • Enables computers to represent text using binary code. • Two main character sets are Unicode and ASCII.

• a character set used to map binary values to characters [1] • uses 7 bits to encode each character [1] • can represent 128 distinct characters • is used to represent characters in the English language

Uses a lot less storage space than Unicode

• it has a limited number of characters/ is limited to 128 characters • it can’t represent multilingual characters/text • it does not include special characters like emojis

• a character set which is used to map binary values to characters [1] • uses up to 32 bits to encode each character [1] • it supports a very large number of characters [1] • used to represent characters across the world

• it can represent more characters than ascii • it can represent special character such as emojis • it can represent multilingual text

It uses a lot more storage space than ASCII

• larger mantissa increases accuracy [1] • smaller exponent decreases range [1]

• each symbol has a unique binary code [1] • e.g ascii uses 7 bits per character