Respiration

A chemical reaction that releases energy from glucose. Takes place in every living organism in every cell.

Breathing is a physical process of inhaling and exhaling. Respiration is a chemical reaction that uses oxygen to release energy from glucose.

A chemical reaction that releases energy from glucose using OXYGEN

A chemical reaction that releases energy from glucose WITHOUT oxygen

Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Animals/ humans: glucose -> lactic acid + energy In yeast and plants: glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy

Inhaled air goes into the mouth and down the trachea (Long tube at the back of the mouth) The air then goes down the left and right bronchus. (Where the trachea splits into bronchi - each travel to a lung) When the air reaches the lungs the bronchi subdivide into bronchioles These split again into alveoli (air sacs)

Combustion is the burning of substances in the presence of oxygen. Respiration is using oxygen to release energy from glucose. Respiration happens in cells Combustion does not

Inhaling: Diaphragm contracts and moves down Rib muscles contract and rib cage expands (up and out) Chest is bigger - air pressure is lower Air enters lungs Exhaling: Diaphragm relaxes and moves up Rib muscles relax and rib cage becomes smaller (down and in) Chest is smaller - air pressure is higher Air leaves lungs

Inhaled air - more oxygen Exhaled air • more carbon dioxide • more water vapour

Inhaled: 21% oxygen 79% nitrogen 0.04% Carbon Dioxide Water vapour varies but less than in exhaled air Exhaled: 16% oxygen 79% nitrogen 4% Carbon dioxide Water vapour varies but more in exhaled than inhaled

• large surface area - more area for gas to be exchanged in a certain amount of time • lots of capillaries - more gas can be exchanged, more capillaries take oxygenated blood to muscles • thin walls - short diffusion distance • moist surface - gas can dissolve easier - quickens gas exchange

To respire To pump blood - oxygenate areas of the body that need to carry out respiration for example tired muscles

Tar coats cilia - can’t push dust, mucus up to swallow. This causes smokers cough. Tar contains chemicals that may cause cancer Harms others - passive smoking Clogs up lungs Addictive - nicotine Carbon monoxide replaces oxygen in red blood cells

When a non - smoker inhaled the fumes of a smoker and this harms them as well as the smoker

You need to get oxygen into your bloodstream and get Carbon dioxide out. We do this by gas exchange.

• Movement • Growth and repair • Control of body temperature (mammals)

Condensation occurs when water vapor (a gas) turns into water droplets as it comes into contact with a cold surface