topic 1
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what makes up the axial skeleton? (protection and structure)
skull, ribs, vertebral column
what makes up the appendicular skeleton? (movement)
humerus, tibia, fibula, pelvic girdle, carpals, tarsals, femur
state the four types of bone?
long, short, flat, irregular
long bone features?
spongy bone, articular cartilage, bone marrow, epiphysis, compact bone, blood vessel
inferior
below (femur is inferior to the pelvic girdle)
superior
above (the scapula is superior to the pelvic girdle)
posterior
towards the back of the body (scapula is posterior to the sternum)
anterior
towards the front of the body (the sternum is anterior to the scapula)
medial
towards the midline of the body (sternum is medial to the ulna)
lateral
away from midline of the body (ulna is lateral to the sternum)
distal
the furthest point from the attachment ( carpals are distal to the shoulder)
proximal
the closest point of attachment ( knee is proximal to the tarsals)
types of connective tissue (3)
cartilage, ligament, tendon
define the term joint
when two or more bones articulate
different types of joints that permit movement (3)
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial joints
features of synovial joints
articular cartilage synovial membrane synovial fluid bursae meniscus ligaments articular capsule
different synovial joints
hinge, ball and socket, condyloid, pivot, gliding, saddle
characteristics common to muscle tissue
contractility extensibility elasticity atrophy hypertrophy nerve stimuli
different types of muscles
smooth cardiac skeletal
smooth muscle
involuntary and not striated
cardiac muscle
involuntary and not striated
skeletal muscle
voluntary and striated
what is the origin?
muscle tendon to stationary bone
what is the insertion?
muscle tendon to moveable bone