2.5 Organic Chemistry

Can form four covalently bonds, which can form chains when bonded to each other There is a large number of carbon compounds which can be simplified by grouping them into a homologous series

A family of organic compounds where members have the same general formula, show similar chemical properties, show a graduation in their physical properties and differ by a CH2 group

Compound/molecule consisting of hydrogen and carbon only

Finite resource, main source/mixture of hydrocarbons and a feedstock for the petrochemical industry

Drilling

Largely a mixture of compounds of formula CnH2n+2, which are members of the alkane homologous series (eg alkanes are obtained from crude oil)

Separation of a liquid mixture into its different compounds by boiling and condensing at different boiling points

As the gases move up the column, hydrocarbons condense when the temperature of the column is the same as their boiling point

Bottled gases

Fuel for cars

Manufacture chemicals and plastics

Fuel for aircraft

Fuel for cars and frains

Fuel for ships and central heating

Surface roads and roofs

Boiling point, number of carbon atoms, size of hydrocarbons

Refinery gases, petrol, naptha, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil, bitumen

Transport of crude oil and result in spills and leakages Drilling for oil in the sea bed can result in leaks Air pollution is caused by burning fossil fuels as carbon dioxide is released

Breakdown of larger saturated hydrocarbons (alkanes) into smaller more useful ones, some of which are unsaturated (alkenes)

Petrochemical industry to synthesise polymers and pharmaceutical drugs

CnH2n+2

CH4

C2H6

C3H8