The Urinary System: Filtration And Fluid Balance
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The urinary system consists of 2 kidneys; bean-shaped organs located in the superior dorsal abdominal cavity that?
filter blood and make urine, and accessory structures.
A ureter is a tube that carries?
urine from each kidney to the single urinary bladder
The urethra is the tube that transports urine from the?
bladder to the outside of the body.
The job of the urinary system is to make urine, thereby controlling the body’s?
fluid and electrolyte balance, and eliminating waste products.
To make urine, 3 processes are necessary?
Filtration, Reabsorption, and Secretion
Filtering the blood. What passes through the filter is called a filtrate during which process?
Filtration
substances stay in the body after being removed from urine during which process?
Reabsorption
substances move from the blood stream and leave the body in the urine during which process?
Secretion
The kidney is covered by a fibrous layer of connective tissue called?
The renal capsule
The indentation that gives the kidney it’s bean shape is called the?
renal hilum
At the hilum, renal arteries bring blood to the kidneys to be?
Filtered and renal veins take the filtered blood away from the kidney.
The kidney can be divided into 3 layers?
Renal cortex, Renal medulla, and Renal pelvis
outer layer – grainy in appearance and has little obvious structure to the naked eye; this is where blood filtration occurs?
Renal cortex
middle layer – contains a number of triangle-shaped, striped areas called renal pyramids?
Renal medulla
inner layer – a funnel, divided into 2 or 3 large collecting cups called major calyces?
Renal pelvis
The blood is filtered by millions of tiny filters in the cortex, and the filtrate flows through?
tiny tubules in the medulla and collects in the renal pelvis.
The renal pelvis empties into the?
ureter where urine is carried to the bladder
A single renal artery enters each kidney and branches into smaller and smaller?
blood vessels, culminated with millions of afferent arterioles in the renal cortex.
Each afferent arteriole leads to a ball of capillaries called?
a glomerulus
Efferent arterioles leave from?
the glomerulus
From each set of peritubular capillaries, blood flows out into a series of?
veins that are the direct reverse of the arteries
The functional unit of the kidney is the?
nephron, consisting of a microscopic funnel and tubule
The nephron can be divided into two distinct parts?
—The renal corpuscle – a filter —The renal tubule – where reabsorption and secretion take place
Blood enters the renal corpuscle via the ?
glomerulus, a ball of capillaries