Chapter 5 Vocabulary

Change in the genetic makeup of a population of a species in successive generations. If continued long enough, it can lead to the formation of a new species. Populations – not individuals – evolve

The small genetic changes a population undergoes

Long-term, large-scale evolutionary changes among groups of species

The sum total of all genes found in the individuals of the population of a particular species

Process by which a particular beneficial gene (or set of genes) is reproduced in succeeding generations more than other genes. The result of natural selection is a population that contains a greater proportion of organisms better adapted to certain environmental conditions

Phenomenon in which individuals with adaptive genetic traits produce more living offspring than do individuals without such traits

Anu genetically controlled structural physiological, or behavioral characteristic that helps an organism survive and reproduce under a given set of environmental conditions. It usually results from a beneficial mutation

Total way of life or role o a species in an ecosystem. It includes all physical, chemical, and biological conditions a species needs to live and reproduce in an ecosystem

Place or type of place where an organism or population of organisms live

The full potential range of the physical, chemical, and biological factors a species can us if there is no competition from other species

The evolutionary divergence of a single species into a variety of similar species with specialized niches

Seperation of populations of a species for long times into different areas

When mutation and natural selection operate independently in the gene pools of two geographically isolated populations

When an entire species ceases to exist

Organism whose genetic makeup has been modified by genetic engineering

Breeding that involves mixing the genes of similar types of organisms through breeding

Use of genetically engineered animals to act as biofactories for producing drugs, vaccines, antibodies, hormones, industrial chemicals such as plastics and detergents, and human body organs