C1 - Atomic Structure
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What is an element?
An element is a substance that is made up of only one type of atom.
What is a compound?
A compound is a substance that is made up of multiple different types of atoms that are chemically bonded.
What is the ratio of Hydrogen to Oxygen in pure water?
water is H2O, so the ratio of Hydrogen : Oxygen is 2 : 1
What are the reactants and the products in a chemical equation?
Reactants - substance(s) that are started with Products - new substance(s) made
What is the meaning of a balanced equation?
When the same amount and type of atoms are on each side of the equation.
What is the Law of Conservation of Mass? in reference to chemical reactions
The total mass of the products formed in a reaction is equal to the total mass of the reactants.
List all four state symbols
• soilds (s) • gases (g) • liquids (l) • aqueous solution (aq) aqueous solution- substances dissolved in water
Add state symbols to these: 1. O2 2. H2O 3. Li
• O2 (g) • H2O (l) • Li (s)
Balance this equation: H2 + O2 ➜ H2O
2H2 + O2 ➜ 2H2O The ammount of atoms on each side is balanced, there are 4 H atoms, and 2 O atoms tutorial video
Balance these equations: 1. KNO3 ➜ KNO2 + O2 2. Li + O2 ➜ Li2O 3. Fe + O2 ➜ Fe2O3 4. Fe2O3 + CO ➜ Fe + CO2
• 2KNO3 ➜ 2KNO2 + O2 • 4Li + O2 ➜ 2Li2O • 4Fe + 3O2 ➜ 2Fe2O3 • Fe2O3 + 3CO ➜ 2Fe + 3CO2
list the 5 processes to separate mixtures
• chromatography • crystallisation • filtration • simple distillation • fractional distillation
define ion
a charged atom that has gained or lost electrons
define isotope
an atom with a different amount of neutrons
define atom
the smallest part of an element that can still be recognised as that element
list the 3 subatomic particles including their mass and their charge
• electron | mass 0 | charge 1- • proton | mass 1 | charge 1+ • neutron | mass 1 | charge 0
define element
a substance made up of only one type of atom
define aqueous solution
mixture made by a substance dissolved in water
list the 5 scientists who changed the atomic model and their theory
• John Dalton - ‘solid spheres’ • JJ Thompson - ‘plum pudding model’ • Ernest Rutherford - atoms empty, tiny positive nucleus, electrons in a cloud • Niels Bohr - electrons in energy shells around nucleus • James Chadwick - nucleus consists of protons (positive) and neutrons (neutral)
describe Rutherford’s gold foil experiment
• Positively charged alpha particles were shot through a slit at a thin gold foil (a couple of atoms wide) • a detecting screen was placed around the gold foil to detect where the alpha particles • Alpha particles should have either gone straight through the foil or were all reflected backwards • most particles were detected going straight through however there were some deflected at large angles and even some that were bounced backwards