Oxygen delivery: LIP
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LIP full form
Lactate inflection point
the LIP shows
the exercise intensity beyond which a given exercise intensity or power output cannot be maintained. - exercise intensities beyond the LIP are associated with a shortened time to fatigue-> the higher the exercise intensity beyond the LIP, the faster the onset to fatigue
Other ways to say LIP
Onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), lactate threshold, anaerobic threshold
EPOC
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
accumulated so much that power output cannot be maintained- drops back down quickly
LIP represents
the highest steady-state exercise intensity an individual can perform for a longer duration
An individual’s LIP value will vary depending on:
the person’s fitness environmental conditions nutritional status genetics type of training intensity of exercise
is vo2 or LIP a better indicator of performance?
LIP is a much better indicator of performance in endurance activities - much more highly trainable - indicates the threshold at which lactate production exceeds clearance - correlatesmore closely with actual performance by showing an athlete’s ability to sustain performance without accumulating excess lactate
Range of LIP for untrained athlete
• 55-70% of MHR, with an average value of around 60% • 40-70% of VO2 max, average around 50-60% of VO2 max
why is it important to determine the LIP of an athlete?
to determine if atheletes are at their max performance (if in steady state, need to increase performance - cannot use training for untrained athletes for trained athletes-> won’t reach anywhere close the LIP of trained athlete (lactate isn’t even used yet)
Range of LIP for trained athlete
• up to or in excess of 90% MHR • 70-95% of VO2 max, though usually in the range of 70-80% VO2 max
How can a person’s lactate inflection point be improved?
through training, working at or just over the intensity needed to reach your lip, at a point where the body should be dumping lactic acid -> through intermittent training or continuous training
what happens when there are loads of h+, how does it impact loads of lactic acid
excess h+ is removed by combining with bicarbonate ions to raise the pH - reduce lactic acid very rapidly
what to do when h+ in the blood are low
carbonic acid releases H+ to lower the pH
briefly describe what buffering is.
• excess hydrogen ions are removed from the body • via processes like the carbonic acid buffering system • to enable the body to continue working for longer periods without the burn/ heaviness associated with decreasing pH levels generated through high intensity exercise. • organs like the lungs also participate in buffering by removing co2, kidneys excrete h+ in urine • buffering has to happen
what is the generally accepted blood lactate value that the LIP will occur at?
4mM (millimoles)
What aspects can impact the relationship between a trained athlete with a higher LIP and rate of fatigue?
psychology and skill acquisition