Unit 3 Topic 1b ✓
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What are Isomers?
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
What is a Structural isomer?
A structural isomer is an isomer in which the atoms are bonded in a different order in each isomer NOTE: Bonding
What is a Stereoisomer?
A stereoisomer is an isomer in which the order of bonding is the same but the spatial arragments of atoms is different in each isomer NOTE: Spatial arrangement
Stereoisomer 1/2: What is a Geometric isomer?
A geometric isomer is an isomer that lacks free rotation inside molecules due to a carbon to carbon double bond or a C-C bonded ring structure. It must also have different attached groups to each carbon atom
What are Trans-isomers? (Compare MP and BP to that of cis-isomers)
Trans-isomers are isomers where the groups are located on different sides of the bond with restricted rotation. Higher MP than cis-isomers but lower BP
What is a Cis-isomer? (Compare MP and BP to that of trans-isomers)
A cis-isomer is an isomer where the groups are located on the same side of the bond with restricted rotation. Lower MP than trans-isomers due to their shape but higher BP as they’re polar
What is Optical Isomerism?
Optical isomerism occurs in compounds when four different groups are attached to a central tetrahedral carbon The resulting isomers are mirror images, asymetric, they are known as enantiomers
What is the central carbon atom in optical isomerism called?
The central carbon atom is described as a chiral carbon