Topic 2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Stoichiometry
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What is an atom mostly made of?
Empty space.
What does the proton (atomic) number tell you?
The number of protons and electrons in an atom.
What does the mass number tell you?
The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
What is Relative Atomic Mass?
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element, compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12.
What is Relative Isotopic Mass?
The mass of an atom of an isotope compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12.
What is Relative Molecular Mass?
The mean mass of a molecule compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of Carbon-12.
What are the two types of reaction equations?
Word and symbol.
What are the two parts of an equation?
The reactants and the products.
What is normally written above or below the arrow in equations?
A catalyst or practical conditions.
What are ionic equations?
Equations that show the ions that are formed in solution and show which particles are reacting.
What substances normally form ions in solution?
Acids, bases, and salts.
What are spectator ions?
Ions that don’t get involved in the reaction and don’t change.
What are the four state symbols?
(s) - Solid (g) - Gas (l) - Liquid (aq) - Aqueous
What is a displacement reaction?
When a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element in a compound.
What do acids and bases form?
Salt and water.
What do carbonates also form in acids and bases reactions?
Carbon dioxide.
What is a precipitation reaction?
When a solid is formed after 2 aqueous reactants react.
What are the three cations you need to know?
NH4^+ - Ammonium Zn^2+ - Zinc (II) Ag^+ - Silver (I)
What are the six anions you need to know?
SO4^2- Sulphate CO3^2- Carbonate HCO3^- Hydrogencarbonate OH- Hydroxide NO3 ^- Nitrate PO4^3- Phosphate
What is Avogadro’s number (L)?
6.02x10^23
What is the formula to calculate the number of particles in a substance?
no. of particles = Avogadro’s number x no. of moles
What is the formula to calculate the mass of a substance using Ar or Mr?
No. of moles = mass (grams) / Mr or Ar
How do you convert m to dm to cm?
Multiply by 10 for each jump.
When converting units, how do you change the number you multiply for each dimension?
Add a 0 for each dimension added. e.g. dm - cm = x10 dm^2 - cm^2 = x 100 dm^3 - cm^3 = x 1000