temperature ppt notes
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Heat is a form of what?
energy (kinetic energy)
Heat can be transfered from a hotter substance to a colder one, but never what?
cold to hot
what is the measured thermal state of a substance whch quantifies the energy distribution among the molecules in a system?
Temperature
what properties of a substance change with temperature changes?
physical properties
what is the standard unit of temperature?
kelvin K
*********** 0 K= what C 0 C= what K 0 k = what how do u convert C to K
-273.15 C 273 K absolute 0 add 273.15
what is 1 calorie
the amt of heat needed to raise the temp of 1 g of h20 by 1 degree C
what occurs to kenetic energy during freezing and thawing
decreases when cools (freezing) Increases when warms (thawing)
The majority of the body’s heat is locted where?
core • brain • thorax • abdomen
since core temp is the gold standard where are some common sites to measure this
pulm artery esophagus rectum bladder tympanic
******************************** metabolic rate increases by ___ - _____% for each degree C increase in core temp
6-7%
******************************* CO increases by ________ per degree C
3L/min
the body compensates for excessive heat loss by what 2 ways
• decreasing rate of loss • increasing rate of heat production
Heat is a product of what? and thus heat can be increased by increasing what?
metabolism metabolism
what is an effective way of increasing metabolism?
shivering
The down fall of shivering is an increase in O2 consumption by 400-500%, this emphesizes the importance of us doing what?
keeping out pt’s warm to prevent stressful increases in metabolism
What is non-shivering thermogenesis?
complex mechanism not involving ATP triggers brown fat metabolism
what effects does Anesthesia have on thermoregulation
• general and regional anesthesia blunt the normal thermoregulatory mechanism • Potent inhaled agents cause vasodilation and disrupt normal hypothalmic shivering regulation • inhalation agents, propofol induction, vasodilating drugs, and regional anesthetics induce vasodilation • regional- heat loss due to loss of sympathetic tone
The greatest decrease in core body temp occurs when during anesthesia
1st hour of operative time
********************************* 4 routes of heat loss
Radiation Convection Conduction Evaporation
******************* most heat is lost from the body by what route
Radiation
******************************** Burn pt’s lose the highest % of heat by what route
Evaporation
******************************* What route is the transfer of heat energy by emission of infra-red radiation (energy) to the surrounding walls, equip, floor…etc give ex
radiation Heat just leaves your body stop by placing a blanket on pt
***************** what type of heat loss is the transfer of thermal energy by heating air adjacent to the skin, it increases kinetic energy expands, becoming less dense and rises carrying heat away give ex
Convection air currents pass by and remove the heat, we literally blow it away in pool and water finally gets warm then u move and it is cold again,