2 AI GENERATED (E-Config And I.E
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Define electron arrangement.
The distribution of electrons in an atom’s electron shells.
What does ionisation energy measure?
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom or ion.
True or false: Ionisation energy increases across a period.
TRUE This is due to increasing nuclear charge and decreasing atomic radius.
Fill in the blank: The first ionisation energy is the energy needed to remove ______.
one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms.
What is the trend of ionisation energy down a group?
Ionisation energy decreases due to increased distance from the nucleus.
Define valence electrons.
Electrons in the outermost shell that participate in chemical bonding.
True or false: Noble gases have high ionisation energies.
TRUE They have full outer electron shells, making them stable.
What is the electron configuration of oxygen?
1s² 2s² 2p⁴.
Define subshell.
A division of electron shells that contains orbitals of the same energy.
What is the maximum number of electrons in the p subshell?
Six electrons.
True or false: Electrons fill orbitals from lowest to highest energy.
TRUE This is described by the Aufbau principle.
True or false: Ionisation energy is always positive.
TRUE Energy must be supplied to remove an electron.
What is the trend of atomic radius down a group?
Atomic radius increases due to added electron shells.
Define core electrons.
Electrons in inner shells that are not involved in bonding.
What is the relationship between ionisation energy and atomic radius?
As atomic radius decreases, ionisation energy increases.
What is the electron configuration of sodium?
1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹.
Define ionisation energy trend.
The predictable pattern of ionisation energy changes across periods and groups.