HL B2.2 Adaptations in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
No description yet. This curated deck is ready for daily study.
Card preview (8)
What is the main function of mitochondria?
To produce ATP through aerobic respiration in all eukaryotic cells.
What is the main function of chloroplasts?
To carry out photosynthesis in plants and some protists, producing carbohydrates from light energy.
What structural adaptation increases the surface area in mitochondria?
Cristae—folded inner membranes that host the electron transport chain and ATP synthase.
What is contained in the mitochondrial matrix, and why is it important?
Enzymes for the Krebs cycle, mitochondrial DNA, and ribosomes; allows efficient ATP production.
How does the intermembrane space in mitochondria assist ATP synthesis?
It allows a proton gradient to build up, driving chemiosmosis via ATP synthase.
What are the key adaptations of chloroplasts for photosynthesis?
Thylakoid membranes (light-dependent reactions), stroma (Calvin cycle), grana (stacked thylakoids), and stroma lamellae connecting grana.
Why are thylakoid membranes extensively folded?
To maximize surface area for light absorption and electron transport.
What is the function of the stroma in chloroplasts?
Houses enzymes and substrates for the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions).