Electrons and Bonding (5)

principle quantum number

2

8

18

32

A region in space around a nucleus that you are most likely to find an electron in. An orbital can hold two electrons with opposite spin.

It’s spherical, there’s one on every shell. Groups 1+2 end in s orbital

It’s dumbbell shaped, there’s 3 of them at right angles to each other. 3 at each shell from n=2. Groups 3-8 end in p-orbital

there’s 5 of them on each shell starting from n=3. Transition metals end in d orbitals

theres 7 of them on each shell starting from n=4. The elements at the bottom end in f-orbitals

putting the last noble gas and all the orbitals after that

the electrostatic attraction between a positive and negative ion

giant ionic lattice, each positive ion has negative ions surrounding it.

ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic attraction that requires lots of energy to break

only soluble in polar solvents like water.

when they are liquid or aqueous they conduct electricity, when they are solid, they don’t.

the electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms

when the shared pair of electrons is shared by one of the atoms. An arrow is drawn for the displayed formula.