Carbohydrates

Which of the following hormones promotes gluconeogenesis? a. Growth hormone b. Hydrocortisone c. Insulin d. Thyroxine

Glucose oxidase oxidizes glucose to gluconic acid and a. H2O2 b. CO2 c. HCO3 d. H2O

From glucose and ATP, hexokinase catalyzes the formation of a. Acetyl-CoA b. Fructose-6-phosphate c. Glucose-6-phosphate d. Lactose

What is the preferred specimen for glucose analysis? a. EDTA plasma b. Fluoride oxalate plasma c. Heparinized plasma d. Serum

Hyperglycemic factor produced by the pancreas is a. Epinephrine b. Glucagon c. Insulin d. Growth hormone

Polarographic methods of glucose assay are based on which principle? a. Nonenzymatic oxidation of glucose b. Rate of oxygen depletion measured c. Chemiluminescence caused by the formation of ATP d. Change in electrical potential as glucose is oxidized

Select the enzyme that is most specific for β-D- glucose: a. Glucose oxidase b. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase c. Hexokinase d. Phosphohexose isomerase

Select the coupling enzyme used in the hexokinase method for glucose: a. Glucose dehydrogenase b. Glucose-6-phosphatase c. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase d. Peroxidase

All of the following are characteristic of von Gierke disease EXCEPT a. Hypoglycemia b. Hypolipidemia c. Increased plasma lactate d. Subnormal response to epinephrine

The preferred screening test for diabetes in nonpregnant adults is measurement of a. Fasting plasma glucose b. 2 hour postprandial c. Glycohemoglobin d. No one test is preferred over another for diagnosis

Following the 2015 ADA guidelines, the times of measurement for plasma glucose levels during an OGTT in nonpregnant patients are a. Fasting, 1 hour, and 2 hours b. Fasting and 60 minutes c. 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes d. Fasting and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes

Monitoring the levels of ketone bodies in the urine via nitroprusside reagents provides a semiquantitative measure of a. Acetoacetate b. 3-β-Hydroxybutyrate c. Acetone d. All three ketone bodies

A factor, other than average plasma glucose values, that can affect the HbA1c level is a. Serum ketone bodies level b. Red blood cell life span c. Ascorbic acid intake d. Increased triglyceride levels

. Monitoring the levels of ketone bodies in the urine is a. Considered essential on a daily basis for all diabetic patients b. A reliable method of assessing long-term glycemic control c. Recommended for patients with type 1 diabetes on sick days d. Not recommended by the ADA

A urinalysis identifies a positive result for reducing sugars, yet the test for glucose (glucose oxidase reaction) was negative on the dipstick. What do these results suggest? a. This is commonly observed with ascorbic acid interference. b. This may suggest the patient has a deficiency in galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase. c. This may suggest a pancreatic beta-cell tumor. d. This may suggest a deficiency in glycogen debrancher enzyme. e. It is not possible to obtain these results and there is an analytic error in testing

. Urinalysis of a diabetic patient identified the following: Year 1: Urine albumin was 15 mg/g creatinine. Year 2: Urine albumin was 25 mg/g creatinine. Year 3: Urine albumin was 40 mg/g creatinine. What do these clinical data suggest? a. These levels of albumin in the urine are normal, and no follow-up is necessary. b. These levels of albumin in the urine suggest that kidney function is compromised. c. As these values of urinary albumin are not greater than 300 mg/g creatinine, the patient is not likely to have compromised kidney function. d. An additional urinary albumin test is required in 3 to 6 months to verify diminishing kidney function.