BIO 93 Midterm pt 2

the release of a water molecule

water molecule is released when bonding molecules

adding water to a large molecule to break it into smaller molecules

amino group and carboxyl group

a long molecule built from similar subunits (monomers) linked by covalent bonds

subunits to polymers

carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids

monomers, combine to form polymers

polymer of AAs in a specific sequence

one or more polypeptides with specific 3-D conformation

function

selective acceleration of chemical reactions (i.e. digestive enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of bonds in food molecules)

protection against disease (i.e. antibodies inactivate and help destroy viruses and bacteria)

storage of amino acids (i.e. casein (milk), seeds, ovalbumin (egg white))

transport of substances

coordination of an organism’s activities (i.e. insulin)

response of cell to chemical stimuli (i.e. receptors built into the membrane to detect specific signal molecules)

movement (i.e. cilia, flagella)

support (i.e. keratin (hair), collagen (skin/tissue))

20

variable side chain

hydrophobic (9/20 groups)

hydrophilic (6/20)

acids and bases ; hydrophilic