Biology - Genetics and Inheritance

DNA taken from a human cell

Use an enzyme to cut/isolate the required gene from the DNA

Use a different enzyme to cut the plasmid out of a bacterial cell

Use an enzyme to cut a section of DNA from the plasmid

Insert the gene for insulin in the plasmid

Use another enzyme to join the ends of the plasmid

Put the plasmid with the gene back into a bacterial cell

Leave the bacteria to divide

Insulin is removed and purified, ready for use in humans/organisms

Take a normal body cell from the organism to be cloned and remove the nucleus

Take an egg cell from another organism and remove the nucleus (and discard it)

Insert the nucleus of the normal body cell to the empty egg cell

Electric shock is given to stimulate cell division

Implant this embryo into the uterus of a surrogate mother to develop into a clone