enzymes

biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living cells by lowering the activation energy.

globular proteins with a unique three-dimensional shape. has an active site thats complementary to a specific substrate.

the active site fits the substrate perfectly and only 1 enzyme fits 1 type of substrate

the active site changes shape slightly to fit the substrate better when it binds. this makes the reaction more efficient

when enzyme activity is slowed or stopped. it helps to regulate reactions.

mimic the substrate and block the active site.

bind elsewhere and change the enzyme’s shape.

• inhibitors • temperature • ph levels • feedback mechanisms

enzymes have an optimum temp and ph, if they are too low / high the enzyme can can denature

when the product binding to the enzyme turns it off when enough product has been made, it prevents waste and keeps the metabolism in balance

anabolic catabolic

where small molecules are built up into larger ones

where large molecules are broken down into smaller ones

the minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to start

the speed a which a reaction occurs, how fast reactants are converted into products.

• substrate concentration • enzyme concentration • temp • ph • inhibitors

includes both competitive and non competitive types inhibitor can dissociate from enzyme and enzyme return back to normal

• inhibitor forms permanent covalent bond with the enzyme. • permanent inactivating

when a protein looses its 3d structure due to breaking of bonds that maintains shape. the shape of the active site changes so the substrate can no longer bind to it.

hydrogen bonds maintain the enzymes tertiary structure. heat or ph can break these bonds which will result in the enzyme unfolding and becoming misshapen

you sexy